美银因漏报涉中国洗钱活动被罚12亿美元
Bank of America hit with $1.2B fine after missing ‘Chinese money laundering’
美股巨头遭遇创纪录的反洗钱重罚，直接冲击公司估值与合规成本预期；事件细节清晰揭示了特定资金流向模式，对跨境资金监控与合规风控具有参考价值，建议关注相关银行合规动态。
Bank of America has been fined a total of $1.2 billion dollars by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) after admitting failures of its Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) and anti-money laundering (AML) compliance program resulting in over $5 billion in suspicious activity.
美国银行因承认其《银行保密法》(BSA)和反洗钱(AML)合规项目存在缺陷，导致超过50亿美元的可疑活动未被有效监控，被货币监理署(OCC)和金融犯罪执法网络(FinCEN)处以总计12亿美元的罚款。
The $750 million fine from the OCC is the largest civil money penalty that the bureau has ever issued.
来自OCC的7.5亿美元罚款是该机构有史以来开出的最大金额民事罚款。
FinCEN is responsible for the remainder of the fine and credits the $750 million against its total penalty of $1.2 billion.
FinCEN负责剩余部分的罚款，并将其对总处罚金额12亿美元的罚款额度抵减了7.5亿美元。
Bank of America stock fell from around $62.69 in mid-September to under $50 on October 14.
美国银行的股价从9月中旬的约62.69美元跌至10月14日的50美元以下。
Read more: How a money launderer allegedly used Deltec, Binance, and Tether
阅读更多：据称一名洗钱者如何利用Deltec、Binance和Tether
The FinCEN order details how Bank of America “willfully failed to implement and maintain adequate internal controls for BSA compliance” which resulted in missing or delayed reports for “over $5 billion of suspicious activity, with roughly $1 billion of this activity implicating national security-related and other priority illicit finance risks, including suspicious transactions indicative of Chinese Money Laundering Networks.”
FinCEN的命令详细说明了美国银行“故意未能实施和维护充分的内部控制系统以符合BSA要求”，这导致“超过50亿美元的可疑活动”的报告缺失或延迟，其中约有10亿美元的活动涉及与国家安全相关的及其他优先关注的非法金融风险，包括表明中国洗钱网络的 suspicious transactions（可疑交易）。
This Chinese Money Laundering Network activity included “high volumes of back-to-back credit card purchases at major retailers and shipping companies inconsistent with customer profiles,” and “regular, large-value ACH and bill pay transactions to pay off balances for credit cards issued by third-party financial institutions.
这些中国洗钱网络活动包括“在主要零售商和航运公司进行的大量与顾客画像不符的背靠背信用卡购买行为”，以及“定期向第三方金融机构发行的信用卡支付大额ACH（自动清算所）和账单支付交易以结清余额”。
These included “cards in the name of third-party individuals for which there was no apparent commercial purpose; large wire transfers to counterparties in China with generic descriptions (e.g., “for goods”) and no discernible business rationale; and substantial, repeated transfers to counterparties with no web presence operating from residential addresses, demonstrating an apparent lack of legitimate commercial purpose.”
其中包括“以第三方个人名义持有的卡片，且无明显商业目的；向中国的交易对手方发送带有通用描述（例如‘用于货物’）且无可辨认的商业理由的大额电汇；以及向没有网站存在、从住宅地址运营的对手方进行的实质性重复转账，显示出明显的缺乏合法商业目的。”
Additionally, FinCEN found that the bank’s due diligence on correspondent accounts held by its own foreign branches and affiliates fell short.
此外，FinCEN发现该银行对其自身海外分行和附属机构持有的代理账户的尽职调查不足。
Some regulatory questionnaires “were completed by the bank on behalf of all its foreign branches and affiliates, and others were completed for specific foreign branches and affiliates.”
一些监管问卷“由银行代表其所有海外分行和附属机构填写，而其他问卷则是为特定的海外分行和附属机构填写的”。
This record-breaking OCC fine follows its recent $350 million fine levied against American Express.
这一创纪录的OCC罚款紧随其对美国运通(American Express)最近处以的3.5亿美元罚款之后。
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