FDA批准新型胰腺癌药物，生存期近乎翻倍
Groundbreaking treatments and vaccines offer hope in fight against cancer
L PROMISING DEVELOPMENTS LATELY IN CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT, INCLUDING A NEW DRUG APPROVED BY THE FDA THIS WEEK FOR ADVANCED PANCREATIC CANCER. OUR WILLIAM BRANGHAM HAS MORE. WILLIAM: THAT'S RIGHT, PANCREATIC CANCER HAS LONG BEEN ONE OF THE DEADLIEST TYPES OF CANCER. ITS FIVE-YEAR OVERALL SURVIVAL RATE IS JUST 13%. BUT THIS NEW PILL CALLED DIRAXON-RASTIB NEARLY DOUBLED THE SURVIVAL TIME FOR PATIENTS AND HAD FEWER SEVERE SIDE EFFECTS THAN OTHER TREATMENTS.
最近在癌症研究和治疗方面出现了令人鼓舞的进展，包括本周美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的一种治疗晚期胰腺癌的新药。我们的威廉·布兰厄姆将带来详细报道。威廉：没错，胰腺癌长期以来一直是最致命的癌症类型之一。其五年总生存率仅为13%。但这种名为DIRAXON-RASTIB的新药使患者的生存时间几乎翻倍，且与其他治疗方法相比，严重副作用更少。
FOR MORE ON THIS, WE ARE JOINED BY DR. ROBERT VON DER HEIDE. HE DIRECTS THE ABRAMSON CENTER AT PENN MEDICINE AND IS THE PRESIDENT-ELECT OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH. DR. VON DER HEIDE, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR BEING HERE. A VERY EXCITING WEEK FOR CANCER NEWS, SPECIFICALLY ON THIS PANCREATIC CANCER DRUG. HOW SUCCESSFUL DO YOU THINK THIS TREATMENT WILL BE? DR. VON DER HEIDE: I THINK WE'VE ONLY SEEN THE BEGINNING.
为了进一步了解这一情况，我们邀请到了罗伯特·冯德海德博士。他负责宾夕法尼亚大学医学院的阿布拉姆森中心，并且是美国癌症研究协会的候任主席。冯德海德博士，非常感谢您来到节目。本周对癌症领域来说是令人兴奋的一周，特别是关于这种胰腺癌药物。您认为这种治疗会取得多大的成功？冯德海德博士：我认为我们只是看到了开始。
THE FDA APPROVED THIS DRUG FOR PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED PANCREATIC CANCER DOUBLING THEIR SURVIVAL AND REALLY OFFERING INCREDIBLE HOPE AND EXCITEMENT FOR OUR PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES. NOW THE OPPORTUNITY EXISTS TO BRING THIS PARTICULAR DRUG FORWARD TO PATIENTS IN EARLIER STAGES OR JUST AFTER THEY'VE BEEN DIAGNOSED. I THINK WE WILL SEE THIS TYPE OF MEDICINE HAVE A HUGE IMPACT AND HOPEFULLY REVERSE THOSE STATISTICS THAT YOU CITED JUST A MOMENT. -- JUST A MOMENT AGO.
FDA批准了这种药物用于晚期胰腺癌患者，使他们的生存期翻倍，确实为我们的患者及其家人带来了难以置信的希望和兴奋。现在有机会将这种特定药物推广到更早期阶段或刚确诊的患者中。我认为我们将看到这类药物产生巨大影响，并有望扭转您刚才提到的那些统计数据。
WILLIAM: MY UNDERSTANDING IS THAT THIS DRUG TARGETS THE GENE MUTATIONS THAT CAN SPUR PANCREATIC CELLS TO GROW. WHY HAS THAT INTERVENTION NOT BEEN POSSIBLE IN THE PAST? DR. VON DER HEIDE: YES, YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT THE RAS ONCOGENE, WHICH IS THE MUTATED ENGINE THAT DRIVES PANCREATIC CANCER AND MANY OTHER TUMOR TYPES AS WELL, AND IT'S BEEN VERY DIFFICULT TO DRUG AND BLOCK AND INHIBIT WITH CONVENTIONAL CHEMISTRY. WHAT'S HAPPENED HERE IS A BRAND NEW TYPE OF CHEMISTRY, REALLY UNPRECEDENTED.
威廉：据我了解，这种药物针对的是可能促使胰腺细胞生长的基因突变。为什么过去无法进行这种干预？冯德海德博士：是的，您说的是RAS癌基因，它是驱动胰腺癌以及许多其他肿瘤类型的突变引擎，而且用传统化学方法很难对其进行药物阻断和抑制。这里发生的是全新类型的化学方法，确实是前所未有的。
WE CALL IT MOLECULAR GLUE THAT GUMS UP THIS MUTATED-ENGINE ROOM AS IT SPINS ON A FLYWHEEL, JUST BRINGING IT TO A HALT. IT REALLY TOOK BASIC CHEMISTRY AND BASIC RESEARCH TO FIND A NEW WAY FORWARD, AND THAT'S WHAT WE SEE BEING DELIVERED FOR OUR PATIENTS. WILLIAM: SO THE OTHER BIG DEVELOPMENT IS THAT THERE WAS THIS NEW INDIVIDUALIZED VACCINE THAT HELPS PEOPLE WITH MELANOMA, WHICH IS A TYPE OF SKIN CANCER, TO LIVE LONGER.
我们称之为分子胶，它像飞轮旋转时一样粘住这个突变引擎室，使其完全停止。这确实需要基础化学和基础研究来找到新的前进方向，而这就是我们看到的为患者带来的成果。威廉：另一个重大进展是，有一种新的个体化疫苗可以帮助黑色素瘤（一种皮肤癌）患者活得更久。
CAN YOU EXPLAIN HOW THAT VACCINE WORKS? DR. VON DER HEIDE: SO THIS NEWS WAS ANNOUNCED FROM THE COMPANIES INVOLVED IN BUILDING THAT MRNA VACCINE, INDICATING THAT THEIR CLINICAL TRIAL HAS A POSITIVE RESULT. IT'S NOT YET FDA APPROVED. WHAT WE'RE LEARNING IS THESE ARE PATIENTS WITH MELANOMA WHO ARE IN REMISSION, BUT AT RISK FOR RELAPSE. AND THE VACCINE GIVEN AT THAT TIME LOWERED THE CHANCES OF A PATIENT RELAPSING. JUST AN INCREDIBLE BREAKTHROUGH AT THE POWER OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BEING GENERATED AGAINST THE VERY MUTATIONS THAT ARE FOUND IN THE TUMORS THEMSELVES.
您能解释一下那种疫苗是如何起作用的吗？冯·德·海德医生：所以这个消息是由参与研发那种mRNA疫苗的公司宣布的，表明他们的临床试验取得了积极结果。目前尚未获得FDA批准。我们了解到的是，这些是患有黑色素瘤且处于缓解期、但有复发风险的患者。当时接种疫苗降低了患者复发的几率。这真是免疫系统针对肿瘤本身发现的突变产生作用的一项惊人突破。
WILLIAM: YOU MENTIONED THAT THIS IS STILL IN CLINICAL TRIALS AND NOT BEEN APPROVED YET. WHAT ELSE DO YOU WANT TO SEE FROM THOSE RESULTS BEFORE YOU REALLY
威廉：您提到这仍处于临床试验阶段，尚未获批。在您真正……之前，您还想从这些结果中看到什么？
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