新研究：至少四分之一前NFL球员患有CTE
New study reveals widespread signs of brain trauma among former NFL players
♪ AMNA: AT LEAST ONE IN FOUR NFL PLAYERS HAS CTE WHEN THEY DIE. THAT IS THE CONCERNING CONCLUSION OF A NEW STUDY OUT TODAY THAT EXAMINED THE BRAINS OF FORMER PRO FOOTBALL PLAYERS. CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY -- KNOWN AS CTE -- IS A BRAIN DISEASE THOUGHT TO BE CAUSED BY YEARS OF SUSTAINED HEAD TRAUMA. SYMPTOMS CAN INCLUDE DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND AGGRESSION, AND, LATER IN LIFE, MEMORY TROUBLE AND DEMENTIA. BECAUSE CTE CAN ONLY BE DIAGNOSED AFTER AN AUTOPSY OF THE BRAIN, THE STUDY'S RESEARCHERS SAY THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF NFL PLAYERS SUFFERING FROM THE DISEASE MAY BE EVEN HIGHER.
♪ 阿姆娜：至少每四名NFL球员中就有一人在去世时患有CTE。这是今天发布的一项新研究得出的令人担忧的结论，该研究检查了前职业橄榄球运动员的大脑。慢性创伤性脑病——简称CTE——被认为是由多年持续头部创伤引起的一种脑部疾病。症状可能包括抑郁、焦虑和攻击性，晚年则可能出现记忆问题和痴呆。由于CTE只能在脑部尸检后才能确诊，研究的研究人员表示，实际患有该病的NFL球员人数可能更高。
FOR MORE, WE'RE JOINED BY DR. CHRIS NOWINSKI. HE IS A FORMER COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYER, CO-FOUNDER AND CEO OF THE CONCUSSION & CTE FOUNDATION, AND A CO-AUTHOR OF THIS STUDY. WELCOME TO THE SHOW.
为了了解更多信息，我们邀请到了克里斯·诺温斯基博士。他曾是大学橄榄球运动员，脑震荡与CTE基金会的联合创始人兼首席执行官，也是这项研究的合著者。欢迎来到节目。
THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME. AMNA: HE FOCUSED ON 239 BRAINS OF FORMER NFL PLAYERS, DID YOU EXPECT THE RATE OF CTE TO BE SO HIGH? TELL US MORE ABOUT WHAT YOU FOUND.
谢谢你的邀请。阿姆娜：他重点研究了239名前NFL球员的大脑，你是否预料到CTE的发病率会如此之高？请告诉我们更多关于你的发现。
EVER SINCE WE STARTED STUDYING NFL PLAYERS BRAINS IT HAS BEEN MORE THAN 90% OF THE SAMPLE BUT SO MUCH THAT WE GOT MORE THAN 25% OF PLAYERS BRAINS. WE ALWAYS HOPE THIS DISEASE MIGHT BE RARE BUT I THINK THIS IS THAT FINAL NAIL IN THE COFFIN TO SAY THIS IS NOT A RARE DISEASE IN THE NFL POPULATION AND NOW WE KNOW IT IS BETWEEN 25% AND 98% AND WE NEED TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IT IS BETWEEN THOSE TWO NUMBERS. AMNA: THAT ONE AND FOUR NUMBER IS THAT CONCERNING ESTIMATE?
自从我们开始研究NFL球员的大脑以来，样本中超过90%都发现了CTE，但我们获得的球员大脑样本超过了25%。我们一直希望这种疾病可能是罕见的，但我认为这是压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草，表明在NFL人群中这不是一种罕见疾病，现在我们知道发病率在25%到98%之间，我们需要弄清楚在这两个数字之间到底是多少。阿姆娜：四分之一这个数字是令人担忧的估计吗？
IT IS ALMOST CERTAINLY EXTREMELY CONSERVATIVE UNFORTUNATELY. AMNA: DO YOU KNOW FROM THESE RELATIONSHIPS YOU HAVE WITH THE FAMILIES IF ANY OF THE PLAYERS WHO HAD CTE HAD SYMPTOMS THEY EXHIBITED BEFORE THEIR DEATHS.
不幸的是，这几乎肯定是极其保守的估计。阿姆娜：从你与家属的关系中，你是否知道那些患有CTE的球员在去世前是否表现出任何症状？
TWO THIRDS OF THEM HAD DEMENTIA WHEN THEY WERE ALIVE. MOST OF THEM WERE SEVERE AND IMPACTED. WE ARE ABLE TO GO BACK AND GET THE NATIONAL DEATH RECORDS OF EVERY NFL PLAYER WE DIDN'T GET AND THE UNFORTUNATE THING IS WE GOT FAR FEWER THAN HALF OF NFL PLAYERS WHO DIED OF A NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE. AMNA: THIS IS OBVIOUSLY RESONATING AGAINST -- WITH A LOT OF PEOPLE, WE DID SPEAK WITH FORMER NFL PLAYER RANDAL GRIMES WHO PLAYED IN THE LEAGUE NEARLY A DECADE AND WE ASKED HIM EARLIER TODAY.
他们中有三分之二在世时患有痴呆症。大多数人病情严重且受到严重影响。我们能够回去获取每一位我们没有获得的NFL球员的全国死亡记录，不幸的是，我们获得的死于神经退行性疾病的NFL球员远不到一半。阿姆娜：这显然引起了很多人的共鸣——我们确实采访了前NFL球员兰德尔·格里姆斯，他在联盟中打了近十年球，我们今天早些时候问过他。
HERE IS WHAT HE HAD TO SAY. RANDY: THEY'RE TESTING THE BRAINS OF FORMER NFL PLAYERS, YOU KNOW, AND A LOT OF THEM HAD A LOT YEARS IN THE LEAGUE, BUT WE'RE NOT TESTING THE BRAINS OF HIGH SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOLERS, PEOPLE THAT PLAYED A COUPLE OF YEARS IN COLLEGE. SO, I THINK THERE'S A LOT MORE RESEARCH THAT NEEDS TO BE DONE, BUT AT LEAST WE'RE TALKING ABOUT IT AND WE'RE MOVING IN THAT DIRECTION. AMNA: MILLIONS PLAYED IN HIGH SCHOOL AND COLLEGE ENDED YOUTH LEAGUES, WHAT SHOULD PEOPLE TAKE AWAY FROM THAT?
以下是他所说的话。兰迪：他们正在测试前NFL球员的大脑，你知道，他们中有很多人在联盟里打了许多年，但我们没有测试高中球员、那些在大学打了几年球的人的大脑。所以，我认为还需要做更多的研究，但至少我们正在讨论这个问题，并且正朝着那个方向前进。阿姆娜：数百万人在高中和大学打过球，还有青少年联赛，人们应该从中得到什么启示？
I GUESS I DO NEED TO LET RANDY KNOW WE ARE STUDY IN COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYERS, WE HAVE STUDIED NEARLY 400 OF THEM AND FORMER HIGH SCHOOL PLAYERS AND WHAT WE HAVE SHOWN THROUGH THE STUDY OF PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT CAREER LENGTHS IS A CLEAR DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS WERE OVER 90% OF OUR NFL PLAYERS BUT I THINK WE ARE STILL AROUND TWO THIRDS OF OUR COLLEGE PLAYERS HAVE HAD IT. W
我想我确实需要让兰迪知道，我们正在研究大学橄榄球球员，我们已经研究了近400名这样的球员，以及前高中球员，通过对不同职业生涯长度的人的研究，我们展示了一个清晰的剂量-反应关系，其中超过90%的NFL球员，但我想我们大约还有三分之二的大学球员也有这种情况。W
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