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特斯拉太阳能屋顶项目正式终止：六年仅装3000套
Timeline: The rise and fall of Tesla’s Solar Roof
推荐理由
特斯拉标志性业务线的实质性终结，涉及重大资本开支调整与历史并购复盘，对理解公司战略转向有参考价值。
Tesla has officially ended its Solar Roof project six years after predicting it would be installing 1,000 units per week. The most the company ever installed, at its absolute peak, was 32.
特斯拉在预测其每周将安装1,000套太阳能屋顶六年之后，已正式结束了该项目。该公司在其绝对高峰期最多安装了32套。
Indeed, it’s only installed 3,000 in total. For context, if the company had achieved Elon Musk’s 1,000 per week goal, it should have installed around 345,000 solar roofs by now.
事实上，它总共只安装了3,000套。作为参考，如果公司实现了埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）每周1,000套的目标，到现在应该已经安装了约345,000套太阳能屋顶。
There was no press release or regulatory filing that accompanied the shutdown. Journalists simply noticed that the webpage, tesla.com/solarroof, now redirects to a separate solar panels webpage.
此次关闭没有伴随新闻稿或监管备案。记者只是注意到，网页tesla.com/solarroof现在重定向到一个独立的太阳能电池板网页。
Solar Roof has also disappeared from the Tesla Energy menu.
Solar Roof也从特斯拉能源菜单中消失了。
One source said Tesla had concluded an internal review that the product was “not financially viable.”
一位消息人士称，特斯拉得出结论，认为该产品“不具备财务可行性”。
Below is a timeline of the company, from its early days and $2.6 billion acquisition, through an incredible series of government subsidies, litigation, and its final chapter this month.
以下是该公司的时间线，从其早期和26亿美元的收购，到一系列令人难以置信的政府补贴、诉讼，以及本月最后的篇章。
CHART: Value of Tesla’s BTC holdings have fallen by two-thirds
图表：特斯拉持有的BTC价值已下跌三分之二
Read more: Tesla Diner’s struggles accelerate as chef speeds away
阅读更多：随着厨师加速离开，特斯拉餐厅的困境加剧
Timeline of Tesla Solar Roof (SolarCity)
特斯拉太阳能屋顶（SolarCity）时间线
- June 16, 2014: SolarCity agreed to buy panel maker Silevo for $200 million in stock, plus $150 million in earnouts.
- September 23, 2014: The company scores its first major government subsidy — a lucrative trend that would continue for a decade. New York broke ground at RiverBend, committing $750 million for a plant SolarCity would lease for just $1 a year.
- October 2015: An amended state agreement cut SolarCity’s direct manufacturing commitment in Buffalo from 1,460 jobs to 500.
- July 31, 2016: Tesla signed a stock merger agreement worth roughly $2.6 billion for SolarCity. Musk and two of his cousins were controlling shareholders prior to the deal.
- “Musk knew SolarCity was going broke before merger with Tesla,” a shareholder lawsuit alleged. Also at that time, Musk had over $475 million in personal loans backed partially backed by SolarCity stock.
- October 28, 2016: Musk unveiled four tiles at Universal Studios. Omitted from his presentation were certain facts that the tiles generated no electricity, were “conceptual in nature,” and built not for solar power generation but “demonstration of the aesthetics.”
- November 17, 2016: Tesla shareholders approved the SolarCity acquistion.
- November 21, 2016: The merger closed, making SolarCity a Tesla subsidiary and Solar Roof an official Tesla product.
- December 27, 2016: Panasonic finalized an agreement to make photovoltaic cells at its Buffalo, New York plant. In an obvious quid pro quo, Tesla committed to “a long-term purchase commitment from Panasonic.”
- May 10, 2017: Tesla opened orders for SolarCity at $21.85 per square foot of total roof area, promising a lifetime warranty.
- May 25, 2017: Two weeks later, an RBC analyst noted Solar Roof orders as sold out through 2018.
- August 2, 2017: Tesla disclosed that Tesla employees received the first Solar Roof installations.
- January 9, 2018: Tesla told Reuters that its Buffalo, NY facility had begun producing Solar Roof tiles as of December 2017.
- June 12, 2018: In a restructuring that cut about 9% of staff, Musk ended Tesla’s Home Depot partnership for SolarCity sales.
- August 8, 2018: A Reuters investigation found Buffalo producing only one of the four tile styles that Musk demonstrated in 2016.
- September 24, 2018: A CNBC investigation found only 12 Solar Roofs connected in California as of May 2018, far below Musk’s estimate of several hundred.
- October 25, 2019: Tesla launched Solar Roof V3, quoting roughly $33,950 for a 2,000 square foot roof. On the same call, Musk targeted 1,000 installations a week by the end of 2019.
- January 29, 2020: Tesla reported 54 megawatts of solar capacity deployed and claimed hundreds of new hires at its Gigafactory New York.
- February 26, 2020: Panasonic announced it would stop making solar cells in Buffalo by May and cease entirely by September.
- March 16, 2020: Tesla claimed it had built four megawatts of solar tiles in one week, which it claimed was enough for 1,000 homes.
- August 21, 2020: A state audit found Buffalo projected to return 54 cents per subsidy dollar, 98% short of its $30 benchmark.
- September 2020: Panasonic completed its withdrawal from Buffalo, leaving Tesla to run the factory alone.
- January 27, 2021: Tesla reported 205 megawatts of solar deployed across 2020.
- March 2021: Tesla began emailing customers that it had raised Solar Roof prices.
- April 11, 2021: Price hikes reached contracts signed more than a year prior, commonly adding 30% and more than 50% to customers’ costs in some cases.
- April 22, 2021: Musk said Solar Roof and Tesla panels would only be sold bundled with a Powerwall battery.
- April 26, 2021: Musk conceded on a quarterly earnings call that Tesla had “made some significant mistakes in assessing the difficulty of certain roofs.”
- April 30, 2021: Two Pennsylvania customers sued, alleging Tesla raised their contracted price by tens of thousands of dollars after signing.
- May 12, 2021: A California class action put one increase at $71,074.42 to $146,462.22 — more than double the price in the original signed contract. Tesla settled that case.
- July 13, 2021: Musk testified on the stand in Delaware court, defending the SolarCity acquisition.
- April 27, 2022: Delaware’s Court of Chancery came down in favor of Musk, ruling the SolarCity acquisition “entirely fair.”
- September 12, 2022: Tesla reiterated its purchase requirement of at least one Powerwall per every new Solar Roof.
- November 10, 2022: Tesla canceled Solar Roof projects across several states, including permitted ones, and exited some markets entirely.
- June 6, 2023: The Delaware Supreme Court, sitting en banc, affirmed an appeal in favor of Musk, ending nearly seven years of litigation over the SolarCity acquisition.
- July 11, 2023: Tesla settled a California price-hike class action lawsuit for $6.08 million covering about 8,636 customers, admitting no wrongdoing.
- January 24, 2024: Tesla reported 41 megawatts of solar for the quarter, its weakest since 2020. It would never publish another quarterly figure.
- March 7, 2024: A judge approved a settlement that closed Tesla’s final price-hike lawsuit.
- April 16, 2024: Tesla filed a state layoff notice covering 285 Buffalo, NY jobs as it thinned its Solar Roof operations.
- September 25, 2024: Tesla recruited more third-party installers as it wound down its own in-house crews.
- April 19, 2025: Tesla removed online Solar Roof quotes, routing buyers to its third-party installer network.
- July 4, 2025: Donald Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill repealed Tesla’s residential solar tax credit at the end of 2025.
- January 29, 2026: Tesla unveiled its own conventional solar panel, the product that now replaces the Solar Roof.
- May 14, 2026: Solar Roof projects in Florida are canceled, with field crews reassigned to repairs rather than installations.
- August 20, 2026: Tesla told installers that Solar Roof tiles were no longer orderable.
- 2014年6月16日：SolarCity同意以2亿美元股票加上1.5亿美元的盈利支付对面板制造商Silevo进行收购。
- 2014年9月23日：该公司获得了其第一个主要政府补贴——这一有利可图的趋势将持续十年。纽约在RiverBend破土动工，承诺投资7.5亿美元建设一座工厂，SolarCity每年只需支付1美元即可租赁。
- 2015年10月：一项修订后的州协议将SolarCity在布法罗的直接制造承诺从1,460个工作岗位削减至500个。
- 2016年7月31日：特斯拉签署了一项价值约26亿美元的SolarCity股票合并协议。在该交易之前，马斯克和他的两位表亲是控股股东。
- 一起股东诉讼指控称：“马斯克在与特斯拉合并之前就知晓SolarCity即将破产。”同时，当时马斯克有超过4.75亿美元的个人贷款，部分由SolarCity股票担保。
- 2016年10月28日：马斯克在环球影城展示了四块瓷砖。他的演示文稿中省略了一些事实，即这些瓷砖不产生电力，本质上是“概念性的”，并且建造目的不是为了发电，而是为了“展示美学”。
- 2016年11月17日：特斯拉股东批准了SolarCity的收购。
- 2016年11月21日：合并完成，SolarCity成为特斯拉的子公司，Solar Roof成为特斯拉的官方产品。
- 2016年12月27日：松下 finalized 了在其纽约州布法罗工厂生产光伏电池的协议。作为明显的互惠条件，特斯拉承诺“从松下进行长期采购承诺”。
- 2017年5月10日：特斯拉开始接受 SolarCity 的订单，价格为每平方英尺屋顶总面积 21.85 美元，并承诺终身保修。
- 2017年5月25日：两周后，RBC 分析师指出 Solar Roof 订单已售罄至 2018 年。
- 2017年8月2日：特斯拉披露其员工获得了首批 Solar Roof 安装。
- 2018年1月9日：特斯拉告诉路透社，其位于纽约州布法罗的设施已于 2017 年 12 月开始生产 Solar Roof 瓦片。
- 2018年6月12日：在一次裁员约 9% 的结构调整中，马斯克终止了特斯拉与 Home Depot 关于 SolarCity 销售的合作伙伴关系。
- 2018年8月8日：路透社调查发现，布法罗工厂仅生产马斯克在 2016 年演示的四种瓦片样式中的一种。
- 2018年9月24日：CNBC 调查发现，截至 2018 年 5 月，加利福尼亚州仅有 12 个 Solar Roof 并网，远低于马斯克估计的数百个。
- 2019年10月25日：特斯拉推出了 Solar Roof V3，报价约为 2,000 平方英尺屋顶 33,950 美元。在同一次电话会议中，马斯克设定目标，到 2019 年底每周安装 1,000 套。
- 2020年1月29日：特斯拉报告称已部署 54 兆瓦的太阳能容量，并声称其在纽约超级工厂招聘了数百名新员工。
- 2020年2月26日：松下宣布将于 5 月前停止在布法罗生产太阳能电池，并于 9 月前完全停止。
- 2020年3月16日：特斯拉声称其一周内建造了 4 兆瓦的太阳能瓦片，并称这足以供 1,000 户家庭使用。
- 2020年8月21日：一项州审计发现，布法罗工厂预计每补贴一美元仅回报 54 美分，距离其 30 美元的基准目标相差 98%。
- 2020年9月：松下完成了其在布法罗的撤出，留下特斯拉独自运营该工厂。
- 2021年1月27日：特斯拉报告称 2020 年全年共部署了 205 兆瓦的太阳能。
- 2021年3月：特斯拉开始向客户发送电子邮件，告知其提高了 Solar Roof 的价格。
- 2021年4月11日：价格上涨波及一年多前签署的合同，在某些情况下为客户的成本增加了 30% 甚至超过 50%。
- 2021年4月22日：马斯克表示，Solar Roof 和特斯拉面板将仅与 Powerwall 电池捆绑销售。
- 2021年4月26日：马斯克在季度财报电话会议上承认，特斯拉在评估某些屋顶的难度方面“犯了一些重大错误”。
- 2021年4月30日：两名宾夕法尼亚州客户提起诉讼，指控特斯拉在签署合同后将合同价格提高了数万美元。
- 2021年5月12日：一起加州集体诉讼指出，其中一项价格上涨从71,074.42美元增至146,462.22美元——超过原始签署合同价格的两倍。特斯拉已和解此案。
- 2021年7月13日：马斯克在特拉华州法院出庭作证，为SolarCity收购案辩护。
- 2022年4月27日：特拉华州衡平法院裁定支持马斯克，认定SolarCity收购案“完全公平”。
- 2022年9月12日：特斯拉重申其购买要求，即每安装一个新的Solar Roof必须至少配套一个Powerwall。
- 2022年11月10日：特斯拉取消了多个州的Solar Roof项目（包括已获批准的项目），并完全退出了部分市场。
- 2023年6月6日：特拉华州最高法院全体法官出席审理，维持了有利于马斯克的上诉判决，结束了围绕SolarCity收购案近七年的诉讼。
- 2023年7月11日：特斯拉以608万美元和解了一起加州涨价集体诉讼，涉及约8,636名客户，但未承认任何不当行为。
- 2024年1月24日：特斯拉报告该季度太阳能发电量为41兆瓦，为2020年以来最低水平。此后它再未发布过季度数据。
- 2024年3月7日：一名法官批准了一项和解协议，终结了特斯拉最后一宗涨价诉讼。
- 2024年4月16日：特斯拉提交了涵盖纽约州布法罗市285个岗位的裁员通知，因其精简了Solar Roof业务团队。
- 2024年9月25日：随着特斯拉逐步解散自有施工队伍，它招募了更多第三方安装商。
- 2025年4月19日：特斯拉移除了在线Solar Roof报价功能，将买家引导至其第三方安装商网络。
- 2025年7月4日：唐纳德·特朗普的《一揽子宏伟法案》于2025年底取消了特斯拉的家庭太阳能税收抵免。
- 2026年1月29日：特斯拉推出了自己的传统太阳能电池板，该产品现已取代Solar Roof。
- 2026年5月14日：佛罗里达州的Solar Roof项目被取消，现场工作人员被重新分配从事维修工作而非安装。
- 2026年8月20日：特斯拉告知安装商，Solar Roof瓦片已无法下单订购。
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本文《时间线：特斯拉Solar Roof的兴衰》首发于Protos。
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