macOS桌面3D果蝇：由真实FlyWire连接组驱动
做神经形态计算或具身智能的同学必看，这是把真实连接组跑成可交互桌宠的硬核实践，代码开源可直接克隆复现，赶紧在你的 Mac 上跑起来试试逃逸延迟。
DesktopFly 🪰
DesktopFly 🪰
A 3D fruit fly that lives on your macOS desktop — driven by a live spiking simulation of the real FlyWire connectome. It walks across your windows, grooms, sleeps, and decides to flee your cursor with the same neurons a real fly uses.
一只生活在你的 macOS 桌面上的 3D 果蝇——由真实的 FlyWire 连接组的实时尖峰模拟驱动。它会在你的窗口上行走、梳理毛发、睡觉，并用与真实果蝇相同的神经元决定逃离你的光标。
The fly's brain window: 23,210 real neuron soma positions from FlyWire v783, with live spikes flashing at real neuron locations. The two glowing yellow markers are the Giant Fibers — the escape command neurons. Click any region to stimulate it.
果蝇的大脑窗口：来自 FlyWire v783 的 23,210 个真实神经元胞体位置，实时尖峰在真实神经元位置闪烁。两个发光的黄色标记是巨纤维——逃逸命令神经元。点击任何区域以刺激它。
What's real
什么是真实的
- 23,210 neuron soma positions (of 139,255 in FlyWire v783) render the rotating brain window, colored by super-class (FlyWire's coarse cell-type grouping).
- A 668-neuron circuit with ~19,000 real synaptic connections (synapse counts, signed by neurotransmitter prediction) runs as a 1 kHz leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) simulation:
- LC4 (104) + LPLC2 (210) looming-detector visual neurons
- DNp01 / Giant Fiber (GF) (2) — the escape command neuron
- DNa01 + DNa02 (4) steering neurons · DNp09 (2) forward walking
- DNg11 (6) grooming · MDN (4) backward walking ("moonwalker")
- DNp02/DNp04/DNp11 (6) escape-maneuver (wing) neurons
- their 330 strongest partners, including ascending (proprioceptive) and sensory (wind) neurons
- Escape is not scripted. Your cursor's approach becomes looming input to the real LC4/LPLC2 cells; the fly takes off only when the Giant Fiber actually spikes through its real synapses — ~1,200 synapses of feedforward inhibition push back, which is why slow approaches are tolerated and fast lunges trigger escape in ~4 ms, just like the real animal.
- 23,210 个神经元胞体位置（FlyWire v783 中的 139,255 个）渲染旋转的大脑窗口，按超类（FlyWire 的粗粒度细胞类型分组）着色。
- 一个包含 668 个神经元、约 19,000 个真实突触连接（突触计数，按神经递质预测标记）的电路以 1 kHz 的泄漏积分-发放（LIF）模拟运行：
- LC4（104）+ LPLC2（210）逼近检测视觉神经元
- DNp01 / 巨纤维（GF）（2）——逃逸命令神经元
- DNa01 + DNa02（4）转向神经元 · DNp09（2）向前行走
- DNg11（6）梳理 · MDN（4）向后行走（"月球漫步者"）
- DNp02/DNp04/DNp11（6）逃逸机动（翅膀）神经元
- 它们的 330 个最强伙伴，包括上行（本体感觉）和感觉（风）神经元
- 逃逸不是脚本化的。你的光标接近成为对真实 LC4/LPLC2 细胞的逼近输入；只有当巨纤维通过其真实突触实际发放时，果蝇才会起飞——约 1,200 个前馈抑制突触会推回，这就是为什么缓慢接近被容忍，而快速猛扑会在约 4 毫秒内触发逃逸，就像真实动物一样。
The body itself is procedural (FlyWire is a brain connectome — no body geometry exists), with a tripod gait, visible wing-beat, altitude-scaled flight, grooming, and sleep postures.
身体本身是程序生成的（FlyWire 是一个大脑连接组——没有身体几何结构），具有三脚架步态、可见的翅膀拍动、按高度缩放的飞行、梳理和睡眠姿势。
Installation
安装
Requirements: macOS 13+, Xcode Command Line Tools (Swift 5.9+). No permissions or entitlements needed — everything it senses (cursor, window frames, clicks-as-taps, thermal state) is permission-free.
要求：macOS 13+，Xcode 命令行工具（Swift 5.9+）。无需权限或授权——它感知的一切（光标、窗口框架、点击作为轻拍、热状态）都是无需权限的。
git clone https://github.com/DenisSergeevitch/desktop-fly.git
cd desktop-fly
./build.sh
./DesktopFlygit clone https://github.com/DenisSergeevitch/desktop-fly.git
cd desktop-fly
./build.sh
./DesktopFlyA 🪰 item appears in the menu bar; quit from there. The fly wanders your desktop on a transparent, click-through overlay — it never intercepts your mouse or keyboard.
菜单栏中出现一个 🪰 项目；从那里退出。果蝇在透明的、可点击穿透的覆盖层上漫游你的桌面——它永远不会拦截你的鼠标或键盘。
Controls (menu bar 🪰)
控制（菜单栏 🪰）
| item | effect |
|---|---|
| Pause / Resume | freeze the world |
| Show/Hide Brain | toggle the live brain window |
| Escape Test (loom) | inject a looming stimulus, watch the GF fire |
| Move to Next Display | hop the fly across monitors (shown when >1 display) |
| Add / Remove Fly | extra flies (only fly #1 carries the brain) |
| Scare Flies | startle everyone |
| 项目 | 效果 |
|---|---|
| 暂停 / 恢复 | 冻结世界 |
| 显示 / 隐藏大脑 | 切换实时大脑窗口 |
| 逃逸测试（逼近） | 注入逼近刺激，观察 GF 发放 |
| 移动到下一个显示器 | 让果蝇跳到其他显示器（当显示器 >1 时显示） |
| 添加 / 移除果蝇 | 额外的果蝇（只有 #1 号果蝇携带大脑） |
| 吓唬果蝇 | 惊吓所有果蝇 |
The brain window is interactive: hovering pauses the rotation; clicking a region "optogenetically" stimulates the ~60 nearest circuit neurons for 400 ms. The fly's reaction is whatever the real network does downstream — click the Giant Fiber and it escapes; click DNg11 and it grooms; click one side's DNa01/02 and it turns.
大脑窗口是交互式的：悬停会暂停旋转；点击某个区域会“光遗传学”刺激附近约60个回路神经元，持续400毫秒。苍蝇的反应就是真实网络下游所做的任何事——点击巨纤维神经元，它会逃跑；点击DNg11，它会梳理；点击一侧的DNa01/02，它会转向。
How real neurons drive the body
真实神经元如何驱动身体
| body behavior | driven by |
|---|---|
| escape takeoff | DNp01 giant fiber spike |
| walk vs. rest, walking speed | DNp09 rate |
| steering | DNa01+DNa02 left−right rate difference |
| grooming | DNg11 rate |
| backward scoot | MDN burst |
| nervous darting | LC4/LPLC2 population rate |
| wing-beat effort, threat wing-raise | DNp02/04/11 rate |
| spontaneous takeoff | whole-population arousal |
| 身体行为 | 由...驱动 |
|---|---|
| 逃跑起飞 | DNp01巨纤维神经元尖峰 |
| 行走与休息，行走速度 | DNp09速率 |
| 转向 | DNa01+DNa02左右速率差 |
| 梳理 | DNg11速率 |
| 后退滑行 | MDN爆发 |
| 紧张性闪避 | LC4/LPLC2群体速率 |
| 翅膀拍打力度，威胁性抬翅 | DNp02/04/11速率 |
| 自发起飞 | 全群体唤醒水平 |
The loop also closes body→brain: the gait rhythm feeds the circuit's real ascending (proprioceptive) neurons in phase with the legs, and fast cursor motion stimulates its sensory (wind) partners.
回路也闭合了身体→大脑的循环：步态节律以与腿部同步的相位，将信号馈入回路中真实的上行（本体感觉）神经元，而快速光标移动则刺激其感觉（风）伙伴。
Desktop ecology (all permission-free macOS senses)
桌面生态（所有无需权限的macOS感知）
- Window terrain: window top edges are ledges — the fly lands on them, walks along them, rides a window you drag, and startles when one closes under its feet.
- Window looms: a window appearing near the fly feeds the looming pathway; the circuit decides whether to flee your dialogs.
- Clicks are substrate taps; clicking next to the fly startles it through the wind→GF pathway. Typing is vibration (idle-time API — knows when keys were pressed, never which).
- Circadian rhythm: dawn/dusk activity peaks, midday siesta, night quiescence. Sleep: idle at night → it sleeps, breathing slowly, with raised arousal threshold; it grooms after waking.
- Temperature: flies are ectotherms — a hot Mac is a faster fly.
- 窗口地形：窗口顶部边缘是壁架——苍蝇落在上面，沿着它们行走，骑在你拖动的窗口上，当窗口在它脚下关闭时会受惊。
- 窗口逼近：靠近苍蝇出现的窗口会激活逼近通路；回路决定是否逃离你的对话框。
- 点击是基底敲击；点击苍蝇旁边会通过风→巨纤维通路惊吓它。打字是振动（空闲时间API——知道按键何时被按下，但从不涉及具体按键）。
- 昼夜节律：黎明/黄昏活动高峰，中午午睡，夜间静止。睡眠：夜间不活动→它睡觉，呼吸缓慢，唤醒阈值提高；醒来后它会梳理。
- 温度：苍蝇是变温动物——热的Mac意味着更快的苍蝇。
Regenerating the data
重新生成数据
data/ ships with compact derived files. To rebuild them from the raw FlyWire Codex dumps (~60 MB download):
data/ 附带紧凑的派生文件。要从原始FlyWire Codex转储（约60 MB下载）重建它们：
mkdir -p /tmp/flywire && cd /tmp/flywire
B=https://storage.googleapis.com/flywire-data/codex/data/fafb/783
curl -O "$B/classification.csv.gz" -O "$B/coordinates.csv.gz" \
-O "$B/connections.csv.gz" -O "$B/consolidated_cell_types.csv.gz"
cd - && python3 etl.py /tmp/flywiremkdir -p /tmp/flywire && cd /tmp/flywire
B=https://storage.googleapis.com/flywire-data/codex/data/fafb/783
curl -O "$B/classification.csv.gz" -O "$B/coordinates.csv.gz" \
-O "$B/connections.csv.gz" -O "$B/consolidated_cell_types.csv.gz"
cd - && python3 etl.py /tmp/flywireDiagnostics
诊断
./DesktopFly --simtest # circuit invariants: GF silent at rest, 4 ms loom latency, ...
./DesktopFly --behaviortest # 17 end-to-end checks: stimulate neurons -> body reacts
./DesktopFly --snapshot f.png # offscreen fly render
./DesktopFly --brainshot b.png # offscreen brain render./DesktopFly --simtest # circuit invariants: GF silent at rest, 4 ms loom latency, ...
./DesktopFly --behaviortest # 17 end-to-end checks: stimulate neurons -> body reacts
./DesktopFly --snapshot f.png # offscreen fly render
./DesktopFly --brainshot b.png # offscreen brain renderWhat's modeled vs. measured
建模与测量的对比
Honesty section: the connectome gives wiring, not physiology. The LIF dynamics, neurotransmitter signs (ACh+, GABA−, Glu−), the gap-junction boost on LC→GF and wind→GF (documented electrical coupling), synaptic delays, and the sensory transduction (cursor → looming value) are standard modeling choices layered on the real graph. Everything downstream of the sensory neurons — who connects to whom, and how strongly — is FlyWire data.
诚实说明：连接组提供布线，而非生理学。LIF动力学、神经递质符号（ACh+， GABA−， Glu−）、LC→GF和风→GF上的间隙连接增强（有记录的电气耦合）、突触延迟以及感觉转导（光标→逼近值）都是叠加在真实图上的标准建模选择。感觉神经元下游的一切——谁连接到谁，以及连接强度——都是FlyWire数据。
License & citation
许可证与引用
Code is MIT. The files in data/ are derived from FlyWire (FAFB v783) and are CC BY-NC 4.0 — see data/DATA_LICENSE.md. If you use this, cite:
代码采用MIT许可证。data/中的文件源自FlyWire（FAFB v783），采用CC BY-NC 4.0许可——参见data/DATA_LICENSE.md。如果你使用此内容，请引用：
- Dorkenwald, S. et al. Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain. Nature 634, 124–138 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07558-y
- Schlegel, P. et al. Whole-brain annotation and multi-connectome cell typing of Drosophila. Nature 634, 139–152 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07686-5
- Dorkenwald, S. 等人. 成年大脑的神经元接线图. Nature 634, 124–138 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07558-y
- Schlegel, P. 等人. 果蝇全脑注释与多连接组细胞分型. Nature 634, 139–152 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07686-5
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