美国国债逼近40万亿美元：成因与警示
National debt nears $40 trillion: How we got here and why it matters
美国国债突破40万亿美元是重大宏观里程碑，直接影响利率与通胀预期，建议宏观与固收投资者关注后续财政部发债节奏与市场反应。
While the US national debt is expected to hit a record high as soon as this week, crossing a major threshold of $40 trillion. Our congressional correspondent Lisa Desjardins joins us now to explain why that milestone is a warning sign for many economists. Lisa, remind us what this all means and why it all matters, right? The US national debt is important to us because it helps drive the engine of our government, but it is also a cornerstone of the world economy, though sometimes can be good things, but let me explain why this level is now a new red flag.
美国国债预计最早本周将创下历史新高，突破40万亿美元这一重大关口。我们的国会记者丽莎·德雅尔丹现在加入我们，解释为什么这一里程碑对许多经济学家来说是一个警示信号。丽莎，请提醒我们这一切意味着什么，以及为什么它如此重要，对吗？美国国债对我们很重要，因为它帮助驱动我们政府的引擎，但它也是世界经济的基石，尽管有时可能是好事，但让我解释为什么这个水平现在是一个新的危险信号。
Let's take a look and define terms. We are fast approaching $40 trillion in gross or total national debt. One major problem is that interest alone now costs more than $1.2 trillion a year for US taxpayers. That's according to the Federal Reserve. So we now spend more on interest on it than we do on national defense and basically more than almost anything else the government does, rising debt also adds inflationary pressure to the economy.
让我们看看并定义术语。我们正迅速接近40万亿美元的总额或总国债。一个主要问题是，仅利息一项每年就为美国纳税人花费超过1.2万亿美元。这是根据美联储的数据。因此，我们现在在利息上的支出超过了国防支出，基本上超过了政府几乎所有其他支出，不断上升的债务也给经济增加了通胀压力。
We spoke with Carolyn Bordeaux of the Concord Coalition, and she explained the concern if this red ink line keeps rising. Eventually we will hit some sort of very serious fiscally induced economic crisis, which means that massive debt we're carrying, we will keep adding to it and eventually it will cause a very serious economic crisis, and that can take many different forms. Often it takes the form of hyperinflation, high interest rates, you know, really, really serious problems that will be very, very difficult for us to get out of.
我们采访了康科德联盟的卡罗琳·波尔多，她解释了如果这条赤字线继续上升的担忧。最终我们将遭遇某种非常严重的财政引发的经济危机，这意味着我们背负的巨额债务，我们将继续增加，最终将导致非常严重的经济危机，这可能以多种形式出现。通常表现为恶性通货膨胀、高利率，你知道，非常非常严重的问题，我们将非常非常难以摆脱。
In that future's not here yet, so why worry about it so much because neither Congress nor the White House is really addressing the core of this problem. Obviously all of this has been a long time in the making, Lisa, remind us how we got here in the first place. Well, part of it have been specific economic crises, but another part has been very distinct crisis of leadership. If you look at the debt for the past 50 years here, you can see where it rocketed up in those two places.
那个未来还没有到来，所以为什么如此担心呢，因为无论是国会还是白宫都没有真正解决这个问题的核心。显然，这一切都是长期积累的结果，丽莎，请提醒我们最初是如何走到这一步的。嗯，部分原因是特定的经济危机，但另一部分是非常明显的领导力危机。如果你看过去50年的债务，你可以看到它在两个地方急剧上升。
One of those was 2009 with the recession, another 2020 with COVID, but you can also see that that has that even as the government flooded the zone to try and rescue the economy there here in recent years, you can see it has risen outside of those economic shocks, and both Republicans and Democrats we see are two most recent presidents there have seen the debt rise sharply under their watch. Now, as for Congress, it has repeatedly solved problems.
其中一次是2009年的经济衰退，另一次是2020年的新冠疫情，但你也可以看到，即使政府近年来大量注资试图拯救经济，债务在这些经济冲击之外也在上升，我们看到共和党和民主党，最近两位总统在他们的任期内债务都急剧上升。至于国会，它反复解决问题。
I've sat here and talked about it. By just spending more money, and Republicans have continued to cut taxes. All of that sounds great, except we don't have the money to do those things really when you look at our debt line. So what's happening right now is a lack of leadership and honestly not just financial sobriety but honesty about the problem. In $40 trillion is such a huge amount. It is almost incomprehensible. How do we begin to get our heads around it, right?
我坐在这里已经谈过这件事。仅仅通过增加开支，而共和党人一直在减税。这一切听起来很棒，除非我们看看我们的债务线，实际上我们没有钱去做那些事情。所以现在发生的是缺乏领导力，坦白说不仅是财政上的清醒，还有对问题的诚实。4万亿美元是如此巨大的数字。这几乎是难以理解的。我们如何开始理解它，对吧？
We thought about this first. I just want fol
我们首先考虑了这个。我只是想让人们
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