美国信用卡债务突破1万亿美元，违约率创15年新高
Credit card debt surges in U.S. as high interest rates make it harder to pay off
N $1 TRILLION IN CREDIT CARD DEBT, UP 60% FROM JUST FIVE YEARS AGO. MEANTIME, HIGHER INTEREST RATES MAKE DEBT EVEN MORE DIFFICULT TO PAY OFF, A DOWNWARD SPIRAL, CAUSING CREDIT CARD DELINQUENCIES TO SURGE. OUR ECONOMICS CORRESPONDENT PAUL SOLMAN EXPLAINS. PAUL: 435-YEAR-OLD HELENA, IT STARTED INNOCENTLY ENOUGH.
信用卡债务高达1万亿美元，比五年前增长了60%。与此同时，更高的利率使得偿还债务更加困难，形成恶性循环，导致信用卡违约率飙升。我们的经济记者保罗·索尔曼解释道。保罗：435岁的海伦娜，这一切开始时并不复杂。
MY MOTHER HAD TO LIVE WITH US. AT THE TIME IT WAS MY HUSBAND AND I. WE HAD A LITTLE BABY AND THEN WE HAD ANOTHER BABY ON THE WAY. THE AMOUNT OF PEOPLE IN OUR HOUSE ALMOST TRIPLED IN A VERY SHORT TIME SPAN AND EXPENSES TRIPLED AS WELL. PAUL: TO MEET THEM LIKE SO MANY OTHER AMERICANS, SHE TURNED TO CREDIT CARDS.
我母亲不得不和我们住在一起。当时只有我和丈夫。我们有一个小宝宝，然后另一个宝宝也快出生了。家里的人数在很短的时间内几乎增加了两倍，开支也增加了两倍。保罗：为了应付这些开支，像许多其他美国人一样，她求助于信用卡。
IT IS VERY EASY TO SWIPE AND THIS IS AN EMERGENCY AND EVERYTHING CAN BE AN EMERGENCY RIGHT NOW. PAUL: BEFORE SHE KNEW IT --
刷卡很容易，而且这是紧急情况，现在什么都可以是紧急情况。保罗：不知不觉中——
I ACCUMULATED ABOUT $20,000 IN DEBT. PAUL: COMPARED TO ONE ESTIMATE OF AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD DEBT OF ABOUT $10,000. BUT IT IS THE MOST INDEBTED WHO HAVE DRIVEN CREDIT CARD DELINQUENCIES TO THEIR HIGHEST RATE IN 15 YEARS. BANKRUPTCIES UP 12% IN THE LAST YEAR ALONE.
我累积了大约2万美元的债务。保罗：相比之下，估计平均家庭债务约为1万美元。但正是负债最重的人将信用卡违约率推至15年来的最高点。仅在过去一年，破产率就上升了12%。
ONCE YOU START ADDING ALL THAT UP, YOU REALIZE YOU DON'T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY FOR DAYCARE OR YOU DON'T HAVE ENOUGH MONEY TO PAY YOUR ELECTRIC BILL. AND THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN THINGS JUST GET UNMANAGEABLE VERY QUICKLY. PAUL: PEOPLE TALK ABOUT ADEPT SPIRAL. ASSESS UNFAMILIAR?
一旦你开始把所有东西加起来，你会意识到你没有足够的钱支付托儿费，或者没有足够的钱支付电费。然后突然间，事情很快就变得无法控制。保罗：人们谈论恶性循环。评估不熟悉吗？
IT DOES. I FOUND MYSELF IN AN ENDLESS CYCLE OF TRYING TO PAY SOMETHING EVEN THOUGH IT WASN'T MAKING A DENT IN THE OVERALL AMOUNT I OWED. PAUL: IT IS NOT JUST HER CAUGHT UP IN THE DEBT WHIRLPOOL.
确实如此。我发现自己陷入了一个无休止的循环，试图偿还一些东西，尽管这并没有减少我欠款的总数。保罗：陷入债务漩涡的不仅仅是她。
IT IS A HUGE PROBLEM AND IT IS A HUGE PROBLEM FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. PAUL: THE EARLY LIFE DEBT DILEMMA SINCE, WORSE THAN EVER.
这是一个巨大的问题，对年轻人来说尤其如此。保罗：早期生活债务困境，比以往任何时候都更严重。
WE HAVE SEEN THE RATE OF CREDIT CARD DEBT FOR YOUNG PEOPLE GO UP ABOUT 190% SINCE 2020.
自2020年以来，年轻人的信用卡债务率上升了约190%。
LAST I CHECKED IT WAS APPROXIMATELY $17,000. PAUL: 25 EUROS BRIDGET KLINGER.
我上次查看时大约是17000美元。保罗：25岁的布里奇特·克林格。
A LOT OF IT GOES IMMEDIATELY TOWARD PAYING OFF ALL THIS DEBT EVERY MONTH.
每个月很大一部分钱都直接用于偿还这些债务。
GEN Z HAS MORE DEBT THAN ANY OTHER GENERATION IN HISTORY.
Z世代的债务比历史上任何一代人都多。
SPOILER ALERT, IT IS A LOT.
剧透警告：债务很多。
ARE THERE ANY OTHER 18-YEAR-OLDS WAS $6,000 IN CREDIT CARD DEBT? PAUL: THERE IS A NEW DEBT TRAP FOR THE YOUNG.
还有其他18岁的人有6000美元的信用卡债务吗？保罗：年轻人面临新的债务陷阱。
BY NOW, PAY LATER IS ONE THING THAT WE ARE CALLING FRICTIONLESS FINANCE THAT IS ACTUALLY QUITE PERNICIOUS. IN GENERAL GETTING FURTHER AND FURTHER AWAY FROM KNOWING HOW MUCH YOU ARE SPENDING AND WE DON'T EVEN REALIZE WHEN WE ARE SPENDING. IN THE LAST DECADE WE HAVE CHANGED THE WAY WE MADE PURCHASES. WE NO LONGER TAKE OUT A WALLET AND USE CASH AND COUNT OUT THE DOLLARS.
先买后付是我们所说的无摩擦金融，但实际上相当有害。总的来说，我们越来越不清楚自己花了多少钱，甚至没有意识到自己在花钱。在过去十年里，我们改变了购物方式。我们不再掏出钱包，用现金数钱。
I WAS DOING A LOT OF BY NOW, PAY LATER AND WHEN IT CAME TIME TO PAY AND I WAS LIKE I DON'T HAVE IT.
我用了很多先买后付，到了付款的时候，我发现自己没有钱。
THEY SAY THEY WON'T CHARGE YOU INTEREST, BUT THE PROBLEM IS IF YOU ARE LATE, YOU WERE GOING TO BE HIT WITH A BIG FEE. PAUL: BOTTOM LINE, IF YOU BORROW YOUNG, YOU DIG YOURSELF A WHOLE.
他们说不会收取利息，但问题是如果你逾期，你将面临一大笔费用。保罗：底线是，如果你年轻时借钱，你会给自己挖一个坑。
WITH MY STUDENT DEAD, MY HUSBAND STUDENT DEBT, CAR LOANS, CREDIT CARDS, IT'S PROBABLY THE AMOUNT OF A MORTGAGE. LIKE 120 $5,000, ONE HUNDRED $50,000. PAUL: SO FOLKS LIKE MARJORIE USE CREDIT CARDS, THEIR INTEREST RATES HITCHED TO CREDIT SCORES.
加上我的学生贷款，我丈夫的学生债务，车贷，信用卡，可能相当于一笔抵押贷款的金额。比如12万5千美元，10万5千美元。保罗：所以像玛乔丽这样的人使用信用卡，他们的利率与信用评分挂钩。
THE AVERAGE RATE I
平均利率我
更进一步：量化金融体系
看懂新闻只是起点——沿量化金融路径，把它变成能交付的工程能力