玻利维亚亚马逊土地易主：巴西农业扩张转移
Bolivia’s Amazon Is Quietly Changing Hands | Exclusive Preview
- The world is still warming. Global emissions still rising. People are demanding action. For the first time ever, the UN climate talks were held in the Amazon. - Dozens of indigenous protestors blocked an entrance to the United Nations Climate Conference in Brazil Friday morning. - The rainforest and its inhabitant were at the centre of it all. But so was the host nation's greatest contradiction. - Brazil over the last 40 years have turned for itself into the supermarket of the world. - Brazil has built one of the most powerful agricultural economies on earth.
- 世界仍在变暖。全球排放仍在上升。人们要求采取行动。有史以来第一次，联合国气候谈判在亚马逊举行。- 周五早上，数十名土著抗议者封锁了巴西联合国气候大会的一个入口。- 雨林及其居民是这一切的中心。但东道国最大的矛盾也是如此。- 巴西在过去40年里把自己变成了世界的超市。- 巴西建立了地球上最强大的农业经济体之一。
Soybean, beef, corn. All of it depends on clearly land. The amount of tropical rainforest lost last year is down by a third. Yet, Brazil has also been celebrated as a conservation success story. We forest lost dropping 41% in 2025 alone. So can both things be true? The demand for these commodities hasn't gone anywhere, and neither have the people who profit from them. Now, with stricter law enforcement at home, Brazilian producers appear to be on the move.
大豆、牛肉、玉米。所有这些都依赖于明确的土地。去年损失的热带雨林面积减少了三分之一。然而，巴西也被誉为保护成功的典范。仅在2025年，森林损失就下降了41%。那么，这两件事能同时成立吗？对这些商品的需求没有消失，从中获利的人也没有消失。现在，随着国内执法更加严格，巴西的生产者似乎正在迁移。
It's our first day in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, which is Bolivia's economic powerhouse, but also the epicentre of its deforestation. I'm Fabiano Maizonal. Having spent my career reporting on the Amazon. I've come here to ask a simple question. When one country cracks down on deforestation, where does that pressure go? Brazil champions land sparing as the solution. It's a strategy that promotes maximising production on existing farmland to prevent clearing new forests.
这是我们在圣克鲁斯德拉谢拉的第一天，这里是玻利维亚的经济重镇，也是其森林砍伐的中心。我是法比亚诺·迈佐纳尔。我的职业生涯一直在报道亚马逊。我来这里是为了问一个简单的问题：当一个国家打击森林砍伐时，这种压力会转移到哪里？巴西倡导土地节约作为解决方案。这一策略旨在最大化现有农田的生产，以防止开垦新森林。
But head toward the border here, in a different reality merges. Brazil's agricultural heartland is spilling directly into San Inacio de Belasco, Bolivia's newest hotspot for forest loss. Leading critics to argue, land sparing did not eliminate deforestation, but simply moved it. And the stakes are high. The Amazon, the world's largest rainforest, dictates a global climate. Its downfall would be catastrophic. We're heading to a local NGO mapping landscape changes to understand the reality on the ground.
但向边境进发，一个不同的现实出现了。巴西的农业腹地直接蔓延到玻利维亚最新的森林损失热点——圣伊纳西奥德贝拉斯科。这导致批评者认为，土地节约并没有消除森林砍伐，只是转移了它。而且风险很高。亚马逊，世界上最大的雨林，决定着全球气候。它的崩溃将是灾难性的。我们正前往一个绘制景观变化地图的当地非政府组织，以了解实地情况。
O de Velasco is the ancestral homeland of the Chicitanos, Bolivia's indigenous people. But the region is changing fast, shifting from subsistence farming to large scale industrial agriculture, endangering local traditions in the ecosystem. And the pressure is building. A new administration plans to dramatically expand the country's agricultural outspot. - Bolivia is poised for a major political shift after centrist Rodrigo Paz won the country's presidential runoff ending nearly two decades of leftist rule. - Our next destination is Saninacio de Velasco, which is the city that concentrates most of the first nation in Bolivia.
奥德贝拉斯科是玻利维亚原住民奇奇塔诺人的祖居地。但该地区正在迅速变化，从自给自足的农业转向大规模工业化农业，危及当地的生态系统和传统。压力正在积聚。新政府计划大幅扩大该国的农业出口。 - 玻利维亚即将迎来重大政治转变，中间派候选人罗德里戈·帕兹赢得总统决选，结束了近二十年的左翼统治。 - 我们的下一站是圣伊格纳西奥德贝拉斯科，这是玻利维亚集中最多原住民的城市。
This is an area where there's a significant presence of Brazilian farmers. The data on foreign investment in land in Bolivia is a sensitive issue. The Bolivian constitution, they are very restrictive about foreigners only land in Bolivia. It's been a challenge to find Brazilian groups who are willing to talk to us. So far we haven't received a yes. I'm hoping that once we are on the ground in San Inacio, we'll be able to meet some of them.
这个地区有大量巴西农民的存在。关于外国在玻利维亚投资土地的数据是一个敏感问题。玻利维亚宪法对外国人拥有土地有严格限制。找到愿意与我们交谈的巴西团体一直是个挑战。到目前为止，我们还没有得到肯定的答复。我希望一旦我们到达圣伊格纳西奥，我们能见到其中一些人。
The road to Saninasio passes through land are readily made by soybeans. This crop is Bolivia's top agricultural export and leading driver of deforestation. Three quarters of it goes straight to animal feed. We are in the Amazon basing, but the native landscape is almost unrecognisable. It makes me wonder what lies ahead for the untouched wilderness of Bolivia. We came to investigate the reality of land sparing, but we've recently learned about a closed door meeting in San Inacio between Brazilian producers and ministers from both countries.
通往圣伊格纳西奥的道路穿过由大豆种植而成的土地。这种作物是玻利维亚最大的农业出口产品，也是森林砍伐的主要驱动因素。其中四分之三直接用于动物饲料。我们身处亚马逊流域，但原生景观几乎无法辨认。这让我想知道玻利维亚未受破坏的荒野未来会怎样。我们来调查土地节约的现实，但最近得知在圣伊格纳西奥，巴西生产商与两国部长举行了一次闭门会议。
The discussions were confidential, but it's fair to say what was agreed could have serious consequences for the environment.
讨论是保密的，但可以说，所达成的协议可能对环境产生严重后果。
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