1X发布NEO人形机器人手部：22个自由度与触觉皮肤

Such brilliant piece of engineering work.

The new humanoid hand for NEO from 1X.

Most robot hands fail because they move, but they do not properly feel contact.

• 1X’s answer uses low-ratio tendon drives, so outside forces travel back through each joint. The motors sit in the forearm, pulling tendons through the wrist like biological muscle.

This keeps the fingers light, lowers impact energy, and still allows strong gripping.

• The hand has 22 actuated finger and palm axes, plus 3 wrist axes. Those joints are not spread evenly, because the thumb carries much of human dexterity.
• A real opposing thumb is so needed, because grasping is mostly about control, not squeezing.
• Closed-loop proprioception gives NEO pose and effort data without using cameras.
• Tactile skin adds contact, pressure, and shear, so slipping objects can trigger fast corrections.
• IP68 sealing and food-safe materials mean the same hand can work near water.
• Backdrivable fingers also make impacts less dangerous, because the mechanism yields under force.
• 1X says full finger assemblies have survived millions of cycles during validation.
• Hundreds are already built, with capacity planned for 10,000 hands this year.
• The interesting part is the data loop. Every grasp can now return force, pose, contact, and slip signals for robot learning.

That makes NEO more like a measuring instrument.